MODERATING EFFECT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS IN MOTIVATION AND EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE RELATIONSHIP AMONG DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN LOKOJA METROPOLIS, KOGI STATE

Abstract

This study examined the moderating effect of demographic characteristics in motivation and employees’ performance relationship among Deposit Money Banks. Employing a cross-sectional survey design, the study encompasses ten (10) selected commercial banks within Lokoja metropolis with a total population of 231 bank staff. The study utilized the formula from Cochan sample size for to determine the minimum sample size formula, the study determined a minimum sample size of 142. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed for respondent selection, with data collected through a questionnaire. Analysis was conducted using Descriptive statistics and inferential techniques, including simple regression, multiple regression, and moderation regression analysis on SPSS. The findings reveal that intrinsic motivation has a significant positive effect on task performance, while extrinsic motivation significantly enhances contextual performance. Results from multiple regression analysis indicate that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation jointly predict overall job performance, with intrinsic motivation emerging as the stronger predictor. Moderation analysis further shows that age and years of experience significantly moderate the motivation–job performance relationship, whereas gender does not exert a significant moderating effect. The study concludes that motivation is a critical driver of employee performance in the Nigerian banking industry and that intrinsic motivation plays a more sustainable role than extrinsic rewards alone. The study recommends that banks adopt a balanced and demographically sensitive motivational strategy that integrates intrinsic and extrinsic factors to enhance employee performance and organizational effectiveness.